RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) is a minimally invasive laser surgery used to treat kidney stones.
“Retrograde” means the procedure is done by going backward through the urinary tract (via the urethra and bladder).
“Intrarenal” means inside the kidney.
A thin flexible ureteroscope with a camera is passed through the natural urinary passage (without cuts).
Once the stone is located, a Holmium Laser is used to break it into very fine dust or small fragments, which are then removed or pass naturally.
Kidney stones larger than 8 mm to 2 cm
Stones that cannot pass naturally or with medicines
Stones not suitable for ESWL (shock wave therapy)
Stones located in difficult-to-reach areas of the kidney
Patients who are not fit for open or major surgery
✅ No external cut or scar – surgery is done naturally via urine passage
✅ Painless / very less pain compared to open surgery
✅ Quick recovery – patients usually discharged in 1–2 days
✅ Safe for obese, diabetic, or cardiac patients
✅ Precise – laser dusts even hard stones
✅ Minimal bleeding
Patient under anesthesia
Flexible ureteroscope passed through urethra → bladder → ureter → kidney
Stones identified via camera
Laser (Holmium/YAG) breaks stones into dust/small pieces
Fragments removed or left to pass with urine
A DJ stent (temporary tube) may be placed for smooth urine flow
Hospital stay: 24–48 hours
Stent usually removed in 1–2 weeks
Resume normal activities quickly
Drink plenty of water (2.5–3L/day)
Regular follow-up with ultrasound/CT if required